Phosphatidylserine

What it is


Phosphatidylserine (PS) was first isolated from brain tissue in the 1950s and its structure was determined in the 1970s. Early research on PS focused on its potential role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. While some studies have suggested that PS supplements may have benefits for cognitive function in elderly individuals, the results have been mixed and more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.


More recently, PS has also been studied for its potential effects on athletic performance, stress, and depression. Some studies have suggested that PS supplements may help improve physical and mental endurance, reduce perceived stress, and improve mood in certain individuals. However, as with its potential cognitive benefits, the research on these effects of PS is still inconclusive and more research is needed.


There are several forms of PS available on the market, including soy-derived PS, bovine-derived PS, and fish-derived PS. Soy-derived PS is the most common form and is generally considered to be safe, although some individuals may have allergic reactions to soy. Bovine-derived PS is derived from cow brain tissue and may carry the risk of mad cow disease, although the risk of transmission through supplements is considered to be low. Fish-derived PS is a newer form of the supplement that is thought to be more stable and may have better absorption compared to other forms.



How it works


Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid that is found in high concentrations in the brain and is involved in several important biological processes, including cell membrane function, neurotransmitter release, and glucose metabolism. It is thought to play a role in cognitive function, although the exact mechanisms by which it may exert its effects are not fully understood.


Pharmacologically, PS is thought to work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, which are involved in learning and memory. It may also have anti-inflammatory effects and may help to protect brain cells from oxidative stress.

In terms of chemical properties, PS is classified as a phospholipid, which is a class of lipids that are composed of two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group. Phospholipids are important structural components of cell membranes and are involved in several important biological processes, including signaling, transport, and enzyme activity.


Some studies have suggested that PS supplements may have potential benefits for cognitive function in elderly individuals, including improvements in memory, attention, and cognitive processing speed.


In terms of the felt effects of PS, some people who have taken the supplement report feeling more focused and mentally alert, with an improvement in overall cognitive function. However, the evidence for these effects is mixed and more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of PS for cognitive enhancement. In terms of side effects, PS is generally considered to be safe and well-tolerated. However, some people may experience gastrointestinal side effects, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, when taking the supplement. It is also possible that PS may interact with certain medications, so it is important to speak with a healthcare professional before starting use.



How it is taken


The typical way that most people use PS as a supplement is by taking it orally in capsule or tablet form. The recommended dosage of PS can vary depending on the individual's age, sex, and other factors, as well as the specific formulation of the supplement. In general, the recommended dosage of PS ranges from 100 to 300 mg per day, with some studies using doses as high as 1,000 mg per day. It is important to follow the dosage instructions on the supplement label and to speak with a healthcare professional before starting use, as higher doses of PS may have potentially serious side effects.


As for the best time of day to take PS, there is no consensus on the optimal time. Some people may find that taking the supplement in the morning helps to improve their cognitive function and alertness throughout the day, while others may prefer to take it in the evening to help improve sleep quality. Ultimately, the best time of day to take PS will depend on the individual's personal preference and their specific needs.




References and further reading:

  1. Birks, J.C. and Ihl, L.I. "Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias." Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2000, vol. 9(6), pp. 1357-1365.

  2. Deijen, J.C. et al. "The effect of phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance." British Journal of Nutrition, 1999, vol. 82(4), pp. 235-242.

  3. Birks, J.C. "The potential of phosphatidylserine to improve cognitive functioning in the elderly." Journal of Nutritional Health & Aging, 2004, vol. 8(5), pp. 372-378.

  4. Benton, D.S. "Phosphatidylserine and the human brain." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008, vol. 87(5), pp. 1162S-1166S.

  5. Maruff, M.J. et al. "Phosphatidylserine supplementation in elderly people: a review." Journal of Internal Medicine, 2000, vol. 248(2), pp. 187-194.