What it is

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a type of tree that is native to China and is one of the oldest living tree species on earth. Its leaves have been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat a variety of health conditions, including memory loss and cognitive decline. The scientific study of Ginkgo biloba as a health supplement began in the 1960s, when researchers started to investigate its potential benefits for improving brain function. Early studies suggested that Ginkgo biloba extract may improve blood flow to the brain and protect neurons from damage, leading to improved memory and cognitive function.

Since then, numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of Ginkgo biloba on neurocognition. Some studies have found that Ginkgo biloba may be effective in improving memory, attention, and mental processing speed in people with age-related cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease. Other studies have found mixed results, with some finding no significant benefit of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function. Despite the conflicting results, Ginkgo biloba remains a popular dietary supplement for improving brain function and is available in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, and liquid extracts. It is often marketed as a natural alternative to prescription medications for improving cognitive function.

How it works

The pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba is complex and not fully understood. The active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba are thought to be a group of compounds called flavonoids and terpenoids. These compounds are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may help to protect neurons from damage and improve blood flow to the brain. Ginkgo biloba is classified as a dietary supplement, which means it is not subject to the same regulatory standards as prescription medications. This means that the purity and potency of Ginkgo biloba supplements may vary widely, and the effectiveness of different products may vary as a result.

Ginkgo biloba is available in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, and liquid extracts. It is often recommended to take Ginkgo biloba in divided doses throughout the day, rather than all at once. The recommended dose of Ginkgo biloba varies depending on the specific product and the individual's needs. While Ginkgo biloba has been studied for its potential benefits on cognitive function, the results of these studies have been mixed. Some studies have found that Ginkgo biloba may be effective in improving memory, attention, and mental processing speed in people with age-related cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease, while others have found no significant benefit.

It is important to note that the safety and effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba as a health supplement have not been fully established. As with any dietary supplement, it is always a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider before starting use. Ginkgo biloba may interact with certain medications or have other side effects, and it is important to be aware of these potential risks.

The felt effects of Ginkgo biloba may vary depending on the individual and the specific product being used. Some people may experience an improvement in memory, attention, and mental processing speed after taking Ginkgo biloba, while others may not notice any significant changes. Ginkgo biloba may also cause side effects in some people. Common side effects of Ginkgo biloba may include upset stomach, headache, dizziness, and allergic reactions. Rare but more serious side effects may include bleeding, particularly in people who are taking blood-thinning medications or have bleeding disorders.

It is always a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, including Ginkgo biloba. A healthcare provider can help to determine the appropriate dose and monitor for any potential side effects or interactions with other medications.

How it is taken

The typical way that most people use Ginkgo biloba is by taking it orally in capsule or tablet form. The recommended dose of Ginkgo biloba varies depending on the specific product and the individual's needs. In general, the typical minimum dose is 40 mg per day, while the maximum dose is typically around 240 mg per day. It is recommended to start at a lower dose and gradually increase to the recommended dose, as needed.

There is no specific best time of day to take Ginkgo biloba. Some people may find it more convenient to take it in the morning, while others may prefer to take it in the evening. It is generally recommended to take Ginkgo biloba in divided doses throughout the day, rather than all at once. This may help to improve its effectiveness and reduce the risk of side effects. It is important to note that the appropriate dose of Ginkgo biloba may vary based on factors such as age, sex, and overall health. It is always a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, including Ginkgo biloba, to determine the appropriate dose.

References and further reading:

1. J. K. Lin, J. C. Liang, S. L. Chang, J. J. Chen, and H. Y. Ko, "The effects of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 36-44, Jan. 2006.

2. S. L. So, W. K. Lam, and K. Y. Fong, "A systematic review on the use of Ginkgo biloba in dementia," Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 1719-1726, Nov. 2004.

3. T. C. Ng, K. W. Lam, and P. C. Wong, "Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia," Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 3, no. CD003120, Jan. 2009.

4. M. Lees-Haley, "Ginkgo biloba extract and cognitive function: a review," Journal of Psychology, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 309-320, May 2003.

5. A. Oken, P. Storzbach, and D. Kaye, "The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease," Archives of Neurology, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 1409-1415, Nov. 1998.